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OP_LESSTHAN - Less Than Comparison

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12. OP_LESSTHAN — Less Than Comparison

Opcode Reference

Opcode:     OP_LESSTHAN
Hex:        0x9F
Decimal:    159
Input:      a b
Output:     1 if a < b, else 0

Overview

OP_LESSTHAN pops two elements and returns 1 if the second-from-top (a) is strictly less than the top element (b). Remember the ordering: a was pushed first, b was pushed second (and sits on top).

Stack Examples

Stack (top→bottom): [b=10, a=5, ...]
OP_LESSTHAN: Is 5 < 10? Yes → [1]

Stack: [b=5, a=10, ...]

OP_LESSTHAN: Is 10 < 5? No → [0]

Stack: [b=5, a=5, ...]

OP_LESSTHAN: Is 5 < 5? No → [0]  (strict less-than)

Bitcoin Core Implementation

case OP_LESSTHAN:
{
    if (stack.size() < 2)
        return set_error(serror, SCRIPT_ERR_INVALID_STACK_OPERATION);
    CScriptNum bn1(stacktop(-2), fRequireMinimal);
    CScriptNum bn2(stacktop(-1), fRequireMinimal);
    popstack(stack);
    popstack(stack);
    stack.push_back((bn1 < bn2) ? vchTrue : vchFalse);
}
break;

Use Cases

OP_LESSTHAN is commonly used to enforce upper bounds on values in the unlocking script:

Script: <user_value> <max_allowed> OP_LESSTHAN OP_VERIFY
Meaning: user_value must be < max_allowed

In the context of Lightning Network or other off-chain protocols, similar patterns enforce that a submitted timeout or sequence is within an acceptable window.

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